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The Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics for the studied sample

From: Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement with central cannulation: A cost-benefit analysis in a developing country

 

Mini-sternotomy (MS) (n = 50)

Full sternotomy (FS) (n = 52)

p

Age (years)

(Mean ± SD)a

41.1 ± 10.3

46.4 ± 10.3

0.72

Min, max

28, 62

25, 71

Gender

Male

37

(74)

33

(63.5)

0.29

Weight (kg)

(Mean ± SD)

78.1 ± 20.4

89.9 ± 13.5

0.02

Height (cm)

(Mean ± SD)

171.2 ± 10.3

171.4 ± 8.2

0.49

BMI (kg/m2)

(Mean ± SD)

26.98 ± 6.7

31.1 ± 5.7

0.001

BSA

(Mean ± SD)

1.88 ± 0.24

2.02 ± 1.7

0.001

Angina status

CCS 1

18

(36.0)

7

(13.5)

< 0.001

CCS 2

24

(48.0)

11

(21.2)

CCS 3

8

(16.0)

33

(63.5)

CCS 4

0

(0.0)

1

(1.9)

Dyspnea status

NYHA 1

5

(10)

0

(0)

NYHA 2

28

(56)

8

(15.4)

< 0.001

NYHA 3

17

(34)

42

(80.8)

NYHA 4

0

(0)

2

(3.8)

EuroSCORE %

(Mean ± SD)

1.99 ± 1.43

2.05 ± 1.77

0.64

Congestive cardiac failure

Never

50

(100)

50

(96.2)

0.49

Past

0

(0)

2

(3.8)

Diabetes mellitusb

Diet control

0

(0)

1

(1.9)

0.76

Oral therapy

3

(6)

3

(5.8)

Insulin

2

(4)

3

(5.8)

Hypertension

 

11

(22)

18

(34.6)

0.21

Hypothyroidism

 

0

(0)

1

(1.9)

0.24

Dyslipidemia

 

2

(4)

7

(13.5)

0.14

Smoking

Ex-smoker

9

(18)

14

(26.9)

0.53

Active smoker

4

(8)

3

(5.7)

GI tract

Liver dysfunction

1

(2)

1

(1.9)

1

Renal

Cr > 200 umol/l

0

(0)

3

(5.8)

0.24

Respiratory

Asthma

1

(2)

0

(0)

0.49

COPD

1

(2)

1

(1.9)

CVD

Stroke

1

(2)

1

(1.9)

1

PVD

Arteriopathy

1

(2)

2

(3.8)

1

Preoperative arrhythmia

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

1

(2)

1

(1.9)

1

Hemoglobin

(Mean ± SD)

13.5 ± 1.37

13.24 ± 1.79

0.35

 

Min, max

10.2, 16.2

9.8, 17

S. creatinine (mg/dl)

(Mean ± SD)

0.98 ± 0.39

0.84 ± 0.39

0.09

 

Min, max

0.5, 3

0.2, 14

Creatinine clearance (ml/min)

(Mean ± SD)

69.2 ± 22.63

77.72 ± 35.69

0.37

S. bilirubin

(Mean ± SD)

0.74 ± 0.37

0.48 ± 0.18

0.13

Coronary angiography

 

12

(24)

42

(80.8)

< 0.001

  1. BMI body mass index; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI myocardial infarction; PVD peripheral vascular disease (or extracardiac arteriopathy) as indicated by claudication, amputation for arterial insufficiency, aortoiliac occlusive disease reconstruction, peripheral vascular bypass surgery, angioplasty or stent, or documented abdominal aortic aneurysm; EuroSCORE European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; CVD cerebrovascular disease; PVD peripheral vascular disease or extracardiac arteriopathy
  2. aThe values are the number of patients with the percentage in brackets or the mean ± standard deviation or the median and interquartile range in brackets
  3. bBasal serum glucose > 200 mg/dl at three consecutive measurements before surgery
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