Table 1 Timeline of major development in AI field with medical applications
From: Requirement of artificial intelligence technology awareness for thoracic surgeons
Year | Development |
|---|---|
1950 | Alan Turing develops the “ Turing test” |
1956 | 1st international conference on AI called “Dartmouth Summer Research Project on AI” conducted. John McCarthy coins the term “AI” |
1958 | John McCarthy creates the first full logical AI programme and described in technical paper “Programs with common sense”. |
1959 | The term “Machine learning” coined by Arthur Samuel. |
1961 | “Unimate” the first industrial robot, which worked on a General Motors assembly line in Ewing Township, New Jersey, USA. |
1964 | First chatbot “ELIZA” (natural language processing computer programme) developed by Joseph Weizenbaum. |
1966 | The first animated robot to reason about its actions, “Shakey -first electronic person” produced at Stanford University. |
1971 | A pilot research resource on computers in Biomedicine was funded at Rutgers University under Saul Amarel. |
1972 | “MYCIN” a clinical decision support consultation system, focused on appropriate management of patients who had infections, developed at Stanford University by Edward Shortliffe. |
1973 | “SUMEX-AIM” project (Stanford University Medical Experimental computer for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine) a national computer resource funded by the National Institutes of Health, USA started. |
1975 | The first National Institutes of Health, USA sponsored workshop conducted at Rutgers Research Resource on Computers in Biomedicine as the first in a series of workshops on AI in Medicine. |
1976 | AI based, Causal-associational network (CASNET) model characterises the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical course of treated and untreated diseases for glaucoma. |
1978 | Herbert Simon earned a Nobel Prize for his “Limited Rationality Theory” which is an important work on AI. |
1980 | CADUCEUS has been developed as the knowledge-intensive expert system for medical diagnosis. |
1986 | First driverless Robot car, built in Munich under the direction of Ernst Dickmanns, drives up to 55 mph on empty streets. Barbara Grosz created the first computation model “Discourse” for the field of research. |
1997 | IBM’s Deep Blue Defeats Garry Kasparov in Chess. |
2000 | MIT’s Cynthia Breazeal develops “KisMet”, a robot that could recognise and simulate emotions. |
2007 | IBM begin development of Deep QA technology-based “IBM Watson” programme. |
2010 | Microsoft launched Kinect for Xbox 360, the first gaming device to track human body movement, using 3D camera and infra-red detection, creating virtual reality and enabling users to play their Xbox 360 wirelessly. |
2012 | Apple introduces Siri “Intelligent personal assistant” |
2014 | Amazon virtual assistance “Alexa “released. |
2015 | “Pharmabot” A Pediatric Generic Medicine Consulting chatbot developed. |
2017 | “Arterys”, cloud-based medical imaging software for cardiac MRI analysis get USFDA approval. |
2018 | First Fatal accident involving a Robotic car with a Pedestrian occurred. |
2020 | Microsoft introduced its Turing Natural Language Generation (T-NLG), which is the “largest language model ever published at 17 billion parameters.” |