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Table 2 Robotic surgery development history

From: Requirement of artificial intelligence technology awareness for thoracic surgeons

Year

Development

1921

Czech playwright Karel Capek introduced the notion and coined the term “Robot” in his play Rossom’s Universal Robots

1985

First Robotic assist surgery performed by “PUMA 560” to obtain brain biopsy by Kwoh et al.

1988

Transurethral prostate resection performed by “PROBOT” at Imperial College London.

1992

Integrated Surgical Supplies Ltd. of Sacramento, CA, developed ROBODOC to machine the femur with greater precision in hip replacement surgeries—first surgical robot approved by the USFDA.

1993

AESOP (made by Computer Motion company) telescope manipulator introduced.

1995

Intuitive surgical company is founded.

1997

First laparoscopy procedure is performed by a Robotic system.

2000

Da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical) and ZEUS (Computer Motion) surgical systems approved by FDA.

2001

First distant transatlantic robot-assisted procedure (cholecystectomy) done.

2003

Computer Motion and Intuitive Surgical merge into one company. ZEUS company is discontinued

2004

“Spine Assist” device by Mazor Robotics Ltd., a miniature robotic guidance system received USFDA approval for spinal procedures.

2007

“Sensei-X” device developed by Hansen Medical company received USFDA approval for intravascular procedures.

2012

23,000 hip and knee procedures conducted globally with “MAKO” robotic system by The Stryker company.

2013

As reported, Over 500,000 surgical procedures performed worldwide with the da Vinci system.

2016

In the USA, surgical figures came out that over half of prostatectomies and a third of hysterectomies are performed robotically.

2019

Over 5000 da Vinci surgical systems installed worldwide and approximately 6 million surgeries conducted globally.