Table 1 Preoperative and operative variables
From: Long-term surgical outcomes after repair of multiple ventricular septal defects in pediatrics
Group 1 (age ≤ 1 year) (n = 30) | Group 2 (age > 1 year) (n = 18) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (days) | 179 (112–234) | 1370.5 (563–2560) | < 0.001 |
Female | 18 (60%) | 13 (72.22%) | 0.39 |
Weight (kg) | 4.3 (3.4–5.3) | 10.3 (8.5–17.5) | < 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 60.35 (50–63.5) | 91.45 (73–108) | < 0.001 |
Associated anomalies | 0.04 | ||
Coarctation | 3 (10%) | 1 (5.56%) | |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 10 (33.33%) | 2 (1.11%) | |
Atrial septal defect (secondum) | 4 (13.33%) | 1 (5.56%) | |
Mitral regurgitation | 1 (3.33%) | 0 | |
Mitral ring | 0 | 1 (5.56%) | |
Pulmonary valve stenosis | 0 | 3 (16.67%) | |
Pulmonary artery stenosis | 0 | 1 (5.56%) | |
TGA | 3 (10%) | 0 | |
DORV (subpulmonary VSD) | 0 | 1 (5.56%) | |
DORV (remote/inlet VSD) | 0 | 1 (5.56%) | |
Hypoplastic aortic arch | 1 (3.33%) | 0 | |
Hypoplastic right ventricle | 1 (3.33%) | 0 | |
Symptomatic heart failure | 12 (40%) | 12 (66.67%) | 0.07 |
Infective endocarditis | 1 (3.33%) | 1 (5.56%) | > 0.99 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass (min) | 77.5 (65–103) | 95 (66–142) | 0.16 |
Aortic cross-clamp time (min) | 54 (43–62) | 67.5 (47–82) | 0.09 |
Number of VSD closed | 0.27 | ||
Two | 19 (63.33%) | 13 (72.22%) | |
Three | 3 (10%) | 3 (16.67%) | |
Four | 7 (23.33%) | 1 (5.56%) | |
Five | 1 (3.33%) | 0 | |
Six | 0 | 1 (5.56%) | |
Method of VSD closure | 0.41 | ||
Patch | 14 (46.67%) | 12 (66.67%) | |
Primary closure | 4 (13.33%) | 2 (11.11%) | |
Patch and primary closure | 12 (40%) | 4 (22.22%) | |
PA banding before surgery | 0 | 4 (22.22%) | 0.016 |
PA banding after surgery | 1 (3.33%) | 0 | > 0.99 |