A randomized controlled trial (PAMI trial) on our new trend periareolar minimally invasive (PAMI) technique versus inframammary approach for minimally invasive cardiac surgery

The Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Table 2 Demographic details of our randomized controlled trial (PAMI trial)

Variables	PAMI (n = 53)	IFMI (n = 49)	P value
Age (years)	38.72 ± 8.89	33.33 ± 12.06	0.011**
Sex
Male, n (%)	22 (41.51)	9 (18.37)	0.011*
Female, n (%)	31 (58.49)	40 (81.63)	0.011*
Weight (kg)	72.58 ± 15.06	73.71 ± 11.17	0.670
Height (cm)	165.4 ± 10.27	166 ± 6.5	0.726
BSA	1.82 ± 0.22	1.84 ± 0.16	0.576
DM	3 (5.66%)	7 (14.29%)	0.143
Diagnosis
ASD	9 (16.98%)	13 (26.53%)	0.034*
MS	14 (26.42%)	12 (24.49%)
MR	13 (24.53%)	20 (40.82%)
MR + MS	16 (30.19%)	4 (8.16%)
TV disease	1 (1.89%)	0

PAMI periareolar minimally, IFMI inframammary minimally invasive, BSA body surface area, DM diabetes mellitus, ASD atrial septal defect, MS mitral stenosis, MR mitral regurgitation, TV tricuspid valve