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Table 4 Primary and secondary endpoints of our PAMI trial

From: A randomized controlled trial (PAMI trial) on our new trend periareolar minimally invasive (PAMI) technique versus inframammary approach for minimally invasive cardiac surgery

 

PAMI (n = 53)

IFMI (n = 49)

p value

Duration of procedure (min)

106.7 ± 12.32

107.2 ± 11.49

0.831

Duration of mechanical ventilation (hours)

3.09 ± 1.4

3.08 ± 1.35

0.963

Number of transfused packed RBC units

2 ± 0.88

1.88 ± 0.86

0.478

Reoperation for bleeding

1 (1.89%)

4 (8.16%)

0.142

Bleeding (cc)

271.88 ± 163.38

325.64 ± 192.24

0.162

ICU stay (hours)

36 (24–48)

48 (48–48)

< 0.001**

Hospital stay (days)

3 (2–3)

4 (3–4)

< 0.001**

Secondary endpoint

 Surgical site infection (SSI)

   

  Superficial

0

8 (16.3%)

0.004**

  Seroma

2 (3.8%)

0

 

  Rate of SSI (weeks)

3.5 ± 0.71

5.88 ± 1.96

0.143

  Breast hematoma

3 (5.66%)

0

0.091

 Respiratory complications

   

  Pleural effusion

1 (1.89%)

2 (4.08%)

0.261

  Atelectasis

0

2 (4.08%)

 

  Groin complication

2 (3.77%)

5 (10.2%)

 

  Femoral embolectomy

0

1 (2.04%)

0.499

  Interposition vein graft for femoral artery

0

1 (2.04%)

 

  Right femoral cannulation was troublesome, and we shifted to left femoral cannulation

0 (0%)

1 (2.04%)

 

  Groin seroma

2 (3.77%)

2 (4.08%)

 

  Pericardial effusion

0

1 (2.04%)

0.296

Likert scale for cosmesis

 Disagree

0 (0%)

4 (8.16%)

< 0.001**

 Neutral (neither agree nor disagree)

6 (11.32%)

14 (28.57%)

 Agree

19 (35.85%)

30 (61.22%)

 Strongly agree

28 (52.83%)

1 (2.04%)

  1. PAMI periareolar minimally invasive, IFMI inframammary minimally invasive