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The Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Fig. 2 | The Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Fig. 2

From: A randomized controlled trial (PAMI trial) on our new trend periareolar minimally invasive (PAMI) technique versus inframammary approach for minimally invasive cardiac surgery

Fig. 2

a Skin demarcation for important landmark points during minimally invasive procedure. A point to the 4th intercostal space in the parasternal line for the left atrial retractor; a point in the anterior axillary line at the level of the 3rd space for Chitwood clamp; a point in the 4th intercostal space in the anterior axillary line for the 30° telescope. b Skin demarcation for groin cannulation. c Video-assisted mitral valve replacement (MVR) with tying the valve sutures using the knot pusher. d Incision for periareolar minimally invasive (PAMI) technique in a woman. e PAMI Incision in a woman with morbid obesity. f Incision for inframammary approach

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