Cardioprotective effect of propofol in cardioplegia compared to systemic propofol in heart valves surgery; a randomized controlled trial

The Cardiothoracic Surgeon

Table 4 Comparison between the three groups according to intraoperative data

Intraoperative data	Group 1 (n = 50)	Group 2 (n = 50)	Group 3 (n = 50)	P
CPB (min.)
Min. – Max	57.0 – 210.0	50.0 – 180.0	60.0 – 175.0	0.049^*
Mean ± SD	98.78 ± 34.16	87.06 ± 31.87	100.42 ± 36.16
Median (IQR)	90.0 (76.0–110.0)	75.0 (65.0–100.0)	93.50 (75.0–130.0)
Significance between groups	p₁ = 0.033^, p₂ = 0.972, p₃ = 0.036^
Cross clamp time (min.)
Min. – Max	46.0 – 130.0	40.0 – 135.0	52.0 – 140.0	0.147
Mean ± SD	75.0 ± 21.47	69.74 ± 24.90	79.58 ± 28.10
Median (IQR)	70.0 (59.0–90.0)	61.50 (50.0–85.0)	73.0 (60.0–100.0)
Reperfusion time (min.)
Min. – Max	11.0 – 20.0	10.0 – 30.0	8.0 – 25.0	0.743
Mean ± SD	12.04 ± 2.96	12.38 ± 5.76	14.42 ± 14.70
Median (IQR)	10.50 (10.0–14.0)	11.50 (10.0–15.0)	12.0 (10.0–15.0)
Number of patients needed for defibrillation	4	3	4	0.885

Data are presented as min. – max., mean ± SD, Median (IQR), or frequency (percentage). CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass. P1: p value for comparing between group1 and group2, P2: p value for comparing between group1 and group3, P3: p value for comparing between group2 and group3. * P < 0.05 is statistically significant
Group 1: Patients with propofol in the cardioplegia, Group 2: Patients with propofol injection in the aortic line, Group 3 (control group): Patients without propofol in the cardioplegia or aortic line