Table 2 Demographics and pre-operative risk factors

Female

104 (22.3%)

54 (25.0%)

35 (21.9%)

58 (34.9%)

0.0095

190 (25.1%)

94 (28.3%)

73 (27.5%)

69 (35.2%)

0.042

Age (year)

61.6 ± 10.6

64.9 ± 9.7

63.0 ± 9.2

57.6 ± 9.5

<.0001

64.7 ± 10.8

64.9 ± 10.5

65.0 ± 9.9

58.8 ± 9.5

<.0001

White

352 (77.2%)

157 (75.1%)

110 (74.3%)

105 (66.5%)

0.0665

624 (84.4%)

250 (78.1%)

207 (81.5%)

141 (74.6%)

0.0058

Black

94 (20.6%)

47 (22.5%)

32 (21.6%)

49 (31.0%)

0.0601

106 (14.3%)

66 (20.6%)

39 (15.4%)

45 (23.8%)

0.0039

BMI

28.9 ± 5.9

31.4 ± 6.5

31.9 ± 6.1

32.4 ± 8.4

<.0001

28.6 ± 5.6

31.3 ± 6.1

32.2 ± 6.1

32.7 ± 7.1

<.0001

History of HTN

407 (87.7%)

202 (93.5%)

157 (98.1%)

159 (95.8%)

<.0001

659 (86.9%)

310 (93.4%)

248 (93.6%)

186 (94.9%)

<.0001

History of DM

61 (13.1%)

150 (69.4%)

159 (99.4%)

166 (100%)

<.0001

101 (13.3%)

242 (72.9%)

265 (100%)

196 (100%)

<.0001

Current Smoker

178 (38.9%)

58 (27.6%)

31 (19.7%)

58 (35.4%)

<.0001

179 (25.8%)

63 (20.2%)

44 (17.7%)

41 (22.2%)

0.0364

Chronic Lung Disease

95 (20.6%)

37 (17.1%)

27 (16.9%)

30 (18.1%)

0.6195

129 (17.1%)

61 (18.7%)

45 (17.1%)

31 (15.8%)

0.8611

Pre-Op Cr (mg/dL)

1.5 ± 1.9

1.3 ± 1.2

1.8 ± 2.2

1.2 ± 1.0

0.0204

1.4 ± 1.8

1.4 ± 1.5

1.3 ± 1.1

1.3 ± 1.4

0.7675

History of Dialysis

31 (6.6%)

10 (4.6%)

10 (6.3%)

7 (4.2%)

0.5778

33 (4.4%)

20 (6.0%)

10 (3.8%)

10 (5.1%)

0.5602

Beta Blocker Use

434 (92.9%)

208 (96.3%)

158 (98.8%)

162 (97.6%)

0.0055

708 (93.4%)

319 (96.1%)

254 (95.8%)

192 (98.0%)

0.0313

ACEi or ARB Use

137 (29.7%)

62 (29.8%)

65 (41.7%)

67 (41.1%)

0.0044

277 (37.1%)

146 (45.3%)

117 (45.9%)

84 (43.5%)

0.0176