Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study patients
Variables | All patients (n = 152) | Intra-operative ECMO group (n = 81,53.3%) | Postoperative ECMO group (n = 71,46.7%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age(years) | 47(31,56) | 46.3(31.2,56) | 47(31.4,56.3) | 0.88 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2(22.3,32.1) | 26.6(22.3,32.7) | 26.1(22.3,32) | 0.97 | |
Gender (n, %) | male | 88(57.9) | 52(64.2) | 36(50.7) | 0.093 |
female | 64(42.1) | 29(35.8) | 35(49.3) | ||
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 50(32.9) | 24(29.6) | 26(36.6) | 0.36 | |
Systemic hypertension (n, %) | 52(34.2) | 25(30.9) | 27(38) | 0.353 | |
Chronic kidney disease (n, %) | 31(20.4) | 18(22.2) | 13(18.3) | 0.55 | |
ESRD on dialysis (n, %) | 7(4.6) | 3(3.7) | 4(5.6) | 0.71 | |
Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 49(32.2) | 22(27.2) | 27(38) | 0.15 | |
Previous cerebral stroke (n, %) | 11(7.2) | 8(9.9) | 3(4.2) | 0.18 | |
Previous cardiotomy (n, %) | 78(51.3) | 40(49.4) | 38(53.5) | 0.61 | |
Heart disease (n, %) | RHD | 57(37.5) | 35(43.2) | 22(31) | 0.17 |
Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 27(17.8) | 11(13.6) | 16(22.5) | ||
Idiopathic cardiomyopathy | 31(20.4) | 16(19.8) | 15(21.1) | ||
ACHD | 17(11.2) | 6(7.4) | 11(15.5) | ||
Others | 20(13.2) | 13(16) | 7(9.9) | ||
ECPR (n, %) | 3(2) | 1(1.2) | 2(2.8) | 0.59 | |
Type of surgery (n, %) | Valve surgery | 71(46.7) | 39(48.1) | 32(45.1) | 0.81 |
CABG | 8(5.3) | 2(2.5) | 6(8.5) | ||
CABG+valve surgery | 18(11.8) | 10(12.3) | 8(11.3) | ||
Aortic surgery | 9(5.9) | 5(6.2) | 4(5.6) | ||
Heart transplantation | 24(15.8) | 13(16) | 11(15.5) | ||
Lung transplantation | 15(9.9) | 9(11.1) | 6(8.5) | ||
Pulmonary endarterectomy | 1(0.7) | 1(1.2) | 0 | ||
LVAD insertion | 6(3.9) | 2(2.5) | 4(5.6) | ||
Cardiopulmonary bypass (min) | 218(167,317) | 250(168,328) | 196.5(165,287) | 0.053 | |
Aortic cross clamping (min) | 145(105,174) | 146.5(105.5,194) | 134(105,168) | 0.29 | |
IABP use (n, %) | 27(17.8) | 15(18.5) | 12(16.9) | 0.79 | |
SAVE score | − 1(− 5,3) | 1(− 4,4) | − 3(− 6, 2) | 0.001 | |
SAVE risk class (n, %) | I | 16(10.5) | 16(19.8) | 0 | < 0.001 |
II | 48(31.6) | 26(32.1) | 22(31) | ||
III | 44(28.9) | 21(25.9) | 23(32.4) | ||
IV | 38(25) | 17(21) | 21(29.6) | ||
V | 6(3.9) | 1(1.2) | 5(7) | ||
Initial SOFA score | 12(10,14.5) | 11(9,14) | 13(10,15) | 0.008 | |
Cannulation approach (n, %) | Central | 87(57.2) | 47(58) | 40(56.3) | 0.9 |
Peripheral | 55(36.2) | 28(34.6) | 27(38) | ||
Central then peripheral | 6(3.9) | 4(4.9) | 2(2.8) | ||
Peripheral then central | 4(2.6) | 2(2.5) | 2(2.8) | ||