Table 4 Univariate analysis according to hospital mortality
Variables | Non-survivors (n = 104, 68.4%) | Survivors (n = 48, 31.6%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 48(32, 57) | 43(31, 56) | 0.18 | |
Gender, male (n, %) | 59(56.7) | 29(60.42%) | 0.4 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.2(22.75, 33.1) | 24.9(22.3, 29.9) | 0.19 | |
Chronic kidney disease (n, %) | 28(26.9) | 3(6.3) | 0.004 | |
ESRD on dialysis (n, %) | 6(5.77) | 1(2.08) | 0.43 | |
Previous cardiotomy (n, %) | 60(57.7) | 18(37.5) | 0.014 | |
Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 43(41.35) | 6(12.5) | < 0.001 | |
Heart disease (n, %) | RHD | 42(40.4) | 15(31.3) | 0.057 |
Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 19(18.3) | 8(16.7) | ||
Idiopathic cardiomyopathy | 21(20.2) | 10(20.8) | ||
ACHD | 12(11.54) | 5(10.4) | ||
other | 8(7.69) | 12(25) | ||
Type of surgery (n, %) | Valve surgery | 52(50) | 19(39.6) | 0.005 |
CABG | 5(4.81) | 3(6.25) | ||
Combined CABG+valve surgery | 14(13.5) | 4(8.3) | ||
Aortic surgery | 8(7.69) | 1(2.1) | ||
Heart transplantation | 16(15.4) | 8(16.7) | ||
Pulmonary endarterectomy | 1(0.9) | 0 | ||
Lung transplantation | 4(3.8) | 11(22.9) | ||
LVAD insertion | 6(5.8) | 0 | ||
Cardiopulmonary bypass (min) | 237(169–319) | 192(149–250) | 0.016 | |
Aortic cross-clamping (min) | 160(108–179) | 124(93–163) | 0.04 | |
IABP (n, %) | 19(18.3) | 8(16.7) | 0.8 | |
Cannulation approach (n, %) | Central | 62(59.6) | 25(52.1) | 0.36 |
Peripheral | 33(31.7) | 22(45.8) | ||
ECMO timing (n, %) | Intra-operative | 46(44.2) | 34(70.8) | < 0.001 |
Postoperative | 58(55.77) | 14(29.2) | ||
SAVE score | − 3(− 6, 0.5) | 3(1, 5) | < 0.001 | |
Initial SOFA score | 13.5(12, 16) | 9(8, 11) | < 0.001 | |
SOFA after 48 h | 16(14, 18) | 9(8, 11) | < 0.001 | |
Initial blood lactate (mmol/L) | 9.75(6.55, 13.4) | 5.8(4.8, 8.3) | < 0.001 | |
Lactate at12 h (mmol/L) | 11.25(7.3, 18.9) | 4.1(2.8, 6.4) | < 0.001 | |
LC% at 12 h | − 24.15(− 59.22, 15.3) | 39.29(7.25, 52.17) | < 0.001 | |
Lactate at 24 h (mmol/L) | 6.55(4.05, 20) | 1.9(1.4, 3.1) | < 0.001 | |
LC% at 24 h | 20.71(− 72.64, 53.15) | 66.04(53.1, 77.78) | < 0.001 | |